Multitrack magnetic head

ABSTRACT

Batch practices of magnetic film deposition and circuit structuring are merged upon a common semiconductor substrate (chip) for both circuit and head parts. As to any one head being formed, the substrate is suitably doped and metallized to form electronics designed for cooperation with such head; then, thin films (cores) of magnetic material are deposited on the semiconductor substrate for cooperation with the electronics. After the thin film head cores are appropriately gapped, a (common) yoke is brought into contact with them . . . the substrate being thereafter contoured through its underside to expose the thin film core gaps.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates in general to multitrack magnetic heads and to methods and parts for forming such heads.

2. Description Relative to the Prior Art

In the art of magnetic recording, there is a trend toward the use of multitrack magnetic heads having large numbers of cores per unit width across the head surface that interacts with the recording medium. One explanation for this trend may be found in the fact that a plurality of head cores can record a specific amount of data at an information writing speed which is only about ##EQU1## of the information writing speed which would be required when writing with only one core. For example, for a playback gap length of, say 100μ" (μ"=microinch), a bandwidth of 2 MHz would necessitate a single core writing speed of 200 inches per second (ips) if use of the recording medium is to be optimized. By contrast (still using playback gap lengths of 100μ"), that same bandwidth of 2 MHz can be written by a 500-track record head at a relative head-to-medium speed of only 0.4 ips ##EQU2## Such recording of a large bandwidth in a large number of tracks at low writing speed suggests, among other things, the linear tape recording of video information. Linear tape recording of video information, as opposed to the recording techniques employed in helical scan and quadruplex video recorders, implies a simplification of hardware: not only does a lessened information writing speed relax the mechanical demands of the recording operation, but head switching, rotary head drums, and various electronics are obviated, as well.

With the above as background, consider for a moment a multitrack magnetic record head comprised of a stack of head cores with their respective gaps aligned along a gap line; and imagine, for example, a common signal-carrying coil linking all such cores. By sucessively turning ON, and OFF, each core in the stack by means of a respective ancillary control, each core will take a time-division sample of the signal in the common coil . . . and if the line of core gaps is in contact with a recording medium (magnetic tape), a plurality of time-division samples will be recorded in respective tracks of the medium. Such a scanning magnetic head has been the vision of those in the video recording field for some time, whereby the whole concept of linear video recording would become commercially practicable. By time-division sampling of, say, an NTSC video signal, each picture element of each line could be recorded in a respective track at a low relative head-to-tape speed. In a similar way, playback of such a multitrack recording could be effected by successively switching ON, and OFF, the cores in the stack, thereby to induce, successively, corresponding element signals in the common coil which links the cores.

Various techniques are known for selectively, and individually, switching head cores ON and OFF: See, for example, U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 133,076, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,417 and U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 127,278, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,763.

Turning, for the moment, from the matter of the aforenoted use of a scanning magnetic head, it will be appreciated that certain processes for the fabrication of head parts, and components useful therewith, are susceptible to batch-fabrication techniques. U.S. Pat. No. 4,158,213, for example, teaches the use of deposited thin magnetic films on nonmagnetic substrates as one vehicle for use in the manufacture of many multitrack magnetic heads at one time. Similarly, the relatively recent commercial introduction of integrated circuits, including such structures as charge-coupled devices (CCDs), which utilize metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technology, was brought about, to a great extent, by the cost-saving batch-processing of semiconductor silicon wafers having selectively gaseously doped diffusions, and photolithographically produced metallic electrodes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed to an improved scanning magnetic head that is especially susceptible to batch fabrication: In providing the scanning magnetic head of the invention, the prior art batch practices of magnetic film deposition and circuit structuring are merged upon a common semiconductor substrate (chip) for both circuit and head parts. As to any one head being formed, the substrate is suitably doped and metallized to form electronics designed for cooperation with such head; then, thin films (cores) of magnetic material are deposited on the semiconductor substrate for cooperation with the electronics. After the thin film head cores are appropriately gapped, a (common) yoke is brought into contact with them . . . the substrate being thereafter contoured through its underside to expose the thin film core gaps.

The invention will now be described with reference to the figures wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates the layout of a semiconductor chip employed in the practice of the invention,

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1,

FIGS. 4-8 depict various procedural steps employed in the manufacture of a head according to the invention, and

FIG. 9 depicts the temporal relationships among signals employed in the practice of the invention.

Referring to the not-to-scale views of FIGS. 1-3, an appropriately doped silicon chip 10--batch fabricated along with a number of other such chips, as is the practice in the integrated circuit industry--is comprised of first and second CCDs 12, 14 and an array of magnetic films 16. The chip 10, in this form of the invention, is made of p-type silicon which is appropriately doped to provide electronic components: Highly doped n-type diffusions 18 are made in the chip 10 to serve as input diodes for the CCDs 12, 14; and highly doped n-type diffusions 20 are made in the chip 10 to serve as output diodes for such CCDs. Highly doped p-type diffusions 22, 24 are also made in the chip; and such diffusions serve as channel stops for the CCDs 12, 14. While providing the n-type diffusions 18, 20, n-type diffusions 26, 27, 28 are also made in the chip, these diffusions serving respectively as sources, gates, and drains for depletion-mode switching field effect transistors (FETs) 30. (Thus, a negative voltage applied to a FET gate causes the corresponding FET to turn OFF.)

Having produced diffusions of dopants for the desired electronics (which may include active components such as head amplifiers and modulators, and passive components such as filters, equaliziers and attenuators for signals applied to and received from the head in question) an oxide layer 32 is grown over the chip 10. Appropriate windows are then formed in the oxide layer 32 by photolithographic techniques known to those in the art; and then, in a first metallization, metal (aluminum) electrodes are deposited--via photolithographically defined masks--atop the oxide layer. Certain of the aluminum electrodes (e.g. electrodes 31a, 31b) make contact with diffusions through the windows in the oxide layer, whereas other such electrodes (e.g. electrodes 33a, 33b) "float" atop the oxide layer for purposes of charge sensing vis-a-vis the CCDs 12, 14. See FIGS. 2 and 3.

With the regions to be occupied by the magnetic films 16 (as well as selected other sites such as input/output electrode pads 37a-37l) photolithographically masked off, a second oxide layer 34 is grown over the first metallization aluminum electrode structures. In this form of the invention, the oxide layer 34 is (via photolithography) provided with a stepped topography in the region of the CCDs 12, 14 thereby to accommodate stepped metallic (aluminum) electrodes 36, 38 (second metallization) that overlay the first metallization "float" electrodes 33a, 33b. Thus, the CCDs, as employed herein, are two-phase devices as taught in Charge Transfer Devices, by Carlo H. Sequin et al, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., 1975, page 26; and the electrodes 33a, 33b, cooperative therewith are floating gate electrodes which non-destructively sense the charges processed by the CCDs. See page 53 of Charge Transfer Devices, by Carlo H. Sequin et al. Since the floating gate electrodes 33a, 33b are coupled to respective FET gate electrodes 40 formed during the second metallization, the CCDs 12, 14--when two-phase clocked--act as shift registers which successively gate OFF the normally ON FETs comprised of diffusions 26, 27, 28. This operation will be expounded upon in detail later.

Having diffused appropriate electronics into the chip 10, discrete, comparatively thick, films 46 of electrically conductive magnetic material, such as permalloy, are deposited on the chip, each such film 46 making electrical contact with the corresponding drain 28 of a FET; and with a corresponding common electrode 48. Application of a (negative) gating voltage to a gate 40, therefore, interrupts the normally completed electrical circuit through the corresponding film 46.

The silicon chip 10 of FIG. 1 is relatively thin and fragile: To facilitate further processing, therefore, the chip 10 is bonded to a non-magnetic support 50, preferably made of aluminum. See FIG. 4. The combined support and chip is then halved along a line H, and chamfered. The chamfering operation provides gap depth definition (as will be appreciated below) for the magnetic films 46, and shaping for the support 50. See FIG. 5. Thereafter, on one or both of all of the chamfered edges 52 of the magnetic films 46, a thin film of electrically conductive, non-magnetic gap-spacer material is deposited. Such depositions of gap-spacer material are well known to those in the art. The two halves of the supported chip are then flipped over and secured within a bracket assembly 54 with their chamfered film edges 52 in face-to-face relationship with the gap-spacer material therebetween. See FIG. 6. Thus, a row of magnetic films 46 with respective non-magnetic gaps therein is produced, the thickness of the gap-spacer material being such that current flow perpendicular to any given gap will cause that gap to turn OFF as taught in U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 127,278, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,763.

Either prior to, or after, the two halves of the supported chip are secured within the bracket 54, a yoke 56--common to each of the gapped magnetic films 46, as shown in FIG. 7--is "low-reluctance" bonded to the films, the yoke 56 having an electrically non-conductive spacer 58 therein. Because the yoke 56 is common to each of the films, there is virtually no need for concern about aligning "front" head parts with respective "back" head parts, a feature which is of considerable significance. An electrical coil winds on the yoke 56, its leads (as well as leads which are to and from the bonding pads 37 on the chip 10) being brought out via a connector adapted to be secured to the FIG. 6 structure at 60. Then, the FIG. 6 structure is finished into a multitrack magnetic head by contouring along the line 62. The finished head is depicted in FIG. 8.

To understand the operation of a scanning multitrack head according to the invention, reference should again be had to the structure of FIG. 1. In considering such structure, assume that it has an electrically conductive non-magnetic gap line coextensive with the line H, as provided by the head fabrication processes associated with FIGS. 5-8; and imagine that an appropriate voltage is applied across bonding pads 37e, 37g, and across bonding pads 37f, 37d. Further, assume (for the moment) that no clocking voltages are applied to the bonding pads 37i, 37j, 37a, and 37b. Thus, all FET gates 40 do not receive a "negative" signal; and, therefore, current flows through all film gaps, causing all such film gaps to be OFF, as taught in copending U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 127,278, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,763.

Now, with the above as background, consider, by way of example, the application of a negative pulse to the diode 18 associated with the CCD 12; and consider further that positive-going two-phase clock voltages are applied to the pads 37i, 37j: The negative pulse injects charges (electrons) into the chip substrate and, under control of the CCD clocking voltages, such charges are passed successively from one CCD stage to another, ultimately being collected at the output diode 20 and dissipated in a load (not shown). In response to charges received at any given CCD stage, the underlying floating gate electrode 33a causes the corresponding FET gate to go negative. This, in turn causes the FET in question to stop conducting, thereby turning ON the film gap associated with the FET.

FIG. 9 indicates the temporal relationships among the various pulses applied to the electronics depicted in FIG. 1, the numbers (l to N) associated with the φ₁, φ₂ clock pulses corresponding to the numbers of the tracks T of the head. After charge is injected into the chip 10 in the vicinity of the CCD 12, the clocking pulses φ₁, φ₂ successively pass such charges from one CCD stage to another, thereby successively turning ON the head gaps associated with the head tracks 1 to ##EQU3## after which charge is injected into the chip 10 in the vicinity of the CCD 14. Then, the CCD 14 successively turns ON the head gaps associated with the head tracks ##EQU4## to N.

With, for example, an NTSC signal applied to the common coil wound on the yoke 56, the successive turning ON of the head gaps causes discrete picture element (pixel) samples to be taken (and recorded) by the head, the notation P1 to P(N) in FIG. 1 indicating the number, within any given video line, of the picture element recorded by the gap in question. Thus, it will be appreciated, in this embodiment of the invention, the first pixel P1 of a line of video information is recorded in track T1, the second pixel P2 is recorded in track T3, the third pixel P3 is recorded in track T5, and so on, until one-half the video line is recorded; then, the first pixel ##EQU5## of the second half of the video line is recorded in track T2, the second pixel ##EQU6## of the second half of the line in track T4, and so on, until the last pixel P(N) of the video line is recorded in the last track T(N). Then, the next video line of the NTSC signal is similarly recorded, etc. (Playback of pixel signal information is achieved, as taught in U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 127,278, by sampling recorded information pixel-by-pixel under control of the same clocking signals as employed during the above-described recording process.)

It is worthy to note that in the structure of FIG. 1, the normally ON current flow in adjacent films is always in opposite directions. Such a practice has the desirable effect of precluding unwanted magnetization of the films because (except for the films associated with the first and last tracks) each such film is subject to oppositely oriented inductions caused by oppositely directed current flow in its two adjacent films.

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although one particular mode of successively turning ON the gaps of the thin film cores is depicted and described herein, other core enabling techniques, such as by selectively magnetically biasing discrete cores, or by use of selectively saturable magnetic gaps, may be employed in the practice of the invention. Further, as noted above, and as depicted at 70 in FIG. 1, the silicon chip 10 may, according to the invention, be appropriately doped additionally to provide electronics useful in processing the signals applied to, and received from, the coil commonly wound about the yoke 56. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An integrated magnetic head structure comprising(a) a semiconductor substrate, (b) a film of magnetic material deposited on said substrate for use in processing magnetic signals with respect to a magnetic recording medium, and (c) regions of impurity dopants within said substrate, and conductive means overlying said regions to form therewith electronic components, said electronic components being electrically cooperative with said film of magnetic material to effect recording and/or playback of said signals on and/or from said recording medium, whereby magnetic and electronic components associated with said magnetic head structure are provided in common association with the same substrate.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said semiconductor substrate is comprised of silicon.
 3. An integrated multitrack magnetic head comprising(a) semiconductor substrate means, (b) a plurality of films of magnetic material deposited in a row on said substrate means for use in processing respective magnetic signals with respect to a magnetic recording medium, and (c) regions of impurity dopants within said substrate means, and conductive means overlying said regions to form therewith a plurality of electronic components, said electronic components being respectively cooperative with a plurality of said films of magnetic material for the processing of respective signals thereby.
 4. The magnetic head of claim 3 wherein said semiconductor substrate means is comprised of silicon.
 5. The magnetic head of claim 3 wherein(a) said substrate means is formed of first and second halves thereof with said plurality of magnetic films so deposited with respect to said substrate means halves that a first grouping of said plurality of films is deposited on one substrate means half in respective alignment with a second grouping of said plurality of films on the other substrate means half, (b) non-magnetic spacer means disposed between the aligned films of said substrate means halves so that pairs of aligned magnetic films are provided with respective transducer gaps therebetween, and (c) magnetic yoke means cooperative with said aligned films for processing magnetic signals with respect to said respective transducer gaps.
 6. The magnetic head of claim 5 wherein said substrate means is contoured therethrough to expose the interface between said films and said underlying substrate means at said transducer gaps, whereby the contoured region of said substrate means in the vicinity of said transducer gaps is adapted to contact said recording medium.
 7. A magnetic head comprising(a) a non-magnetic substrate, (b) first and second aligned magnetic means on and supported by said substrate and having a non-magnetic space therebetween, (c) magnetic yoke means magnetically coupled to and across said first and second magnetic means so as to process magnetic signals appearing across said non-magnetic space between said first and second magnetic means,said non-magnetic substrate being contoured through the part thereof which does not support said first and second magnetic means to expose the interface between said substrate and said magnetic means at the non-magnetic space therebetween, said exposed interface being adapted to contact a magnetic recording medium for processing signals with respect to said medium.
 8. The magnetic head of claim 7 wherein said substrate is comprised of (a) semiconductor material that has been impurity doped at selected regions thereof, and (b) conductive means overlying said selected regions to form therewith electronic components adapted for cooperation with said head.
 9. The magnetic head of claim 8 wherein said semiconductor material is comprised of silicon.
 10. The magnetic head of claim 7 wherein said first ad second magnetic means are films of magnetic material deposited on said substrate.
 11. An integrated magnetic head comprising(a) first and second silicon wafer parts, (b) a row of magnetic structures of said first wafer part, (c) a row of magnetic structures on said second wafer part, (d) means supporting said wafer parts so that corresponding magnetic structures of the two wafer parts are in spacial alignment, (e) non-magnetic means between said aligned rows of magnetic structures for forming transducer gaps between respective pairs of magnetic structures, and (f) regions of dopant impurities within at least one of said wafer parts, and forming conductive means overlying said regions and therewithelectronic circuit components, said electronic components being electrically cooperative with said magnetic structures for processing signals corresponding to magnetic flux in said transducer gaps.
 12. The magnetic head of claim 11 wherein said electronic circuit components comprise shift register means for selectively activating said transducer gaps.
 13. The magnetic head of claim 12 including a magnetic yoke magnetically bridging the transducer gaps of all said pairs of magnetic structures, said yoke having a coil inductively coupled thereto for processing electrical signals corresponding to magnetic flux in said transducer gaps.
 14. The magnetic head of claim 11 wherein the faces of said wafer parts which do not have magnetic structures thereon are contoured to expose said transducer gaps, said contoured faces being adapted to contact a magnetic recording medium for the recording and/or playback of signals with respect thereto.
 15. An integrated magnetic head comprising(a) first and second silicon wafer parts, (b) a row of electrically conductive magnetic structures on said first wafer part, (c) a row of electrically conductive magnetic structures on said second wafer part, (d) means supporting said wafer parts so that corresponding magnetic structures of the two wafer parts are in spacial alignment, (e) electrically conductive non-magnetic means between said aligned rows of magnetic structures for forming transducer gaps between respective pairs of magnetic structures, and (f) regions of dopant impurities within at least one of said wafer parts, and conductive means overlying said regions and forming therewith electronic circuit components, said electronic components being electrically cooperative with said magnetic structures for processing signals corresponding to magnetic flux in said transducer gaps.
 16. The magnetic head of claim 15 including means for passing electrical currents in opposite directions through adjacent pairs of said transducer gaps, thereby to lessen unwanted induction between said magnetic structures. 